There are 24 Basic Mudras
(hand gestures) in the "Hasthalakshana Deepika", the book of hand gestures,
which Kathakali is followed. There are 'Asamyutha Mudras' (that is shown
using single hand) and 'Samyutha Mudras' (mudras shown in double hands)
in each Basic Mudras, to show different symbols. Considering all these
Mudras and their seperations there are totally 470 symbols used in Kathakali.
(The
details of each Mudra are given down)
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| 1.
Pathaaka (Flag) |
2.
Mudraakhyam |
3.
Katakam (Golden Bangle) |
4.
Mushti |
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| 5.
Kartharee Mukham (Scissor's sharp point) |
6.
Sukathundam (Parrot's peek) |
7.
Kapidhakam (The fruit of a tree) |
8.
HamsaPaksham (Swan's wing) |
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| 9.
Sikharam (Peak) |
10.
Hamsaasyam (Swan's peek) |
11.
Anjaly (Folded hands in Salutation) |
12.
Ardhachandram
(Half moon) |
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| 13.
Mukuram (Mirror) |
14.
Bhramaram (Beetle) |
15.
Soochimukham (Needle's sharp point) |
16. Pallavam (Sprout |
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| 17.
Thripathaaka (Flag with three colours) |
18.
Mrigaseersham (Deer's head) |
19.
Sarpasirassu (Serpant's head) |
20.
Vardhamanakam (Seedling) |
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| 21.
Araalam (Curved) |
22.
Oornanabham (Spider) |
23.
Mukulam (Bud) |
24.
Katakaamukham |
1. Pathaaka (Flag):
There are 36 double hand
symbols and 10 single hand symbols using this Mudra. Totally 46.
Double
Hand Symbols:
1.Sun, 2.King, 3.Elephant,
4.Lion, 5.Ox, 6.Crocodile, 7.Arch, 8.Climbing Plant, 9.Flag, 10.Series
of waves, 11.Path, 12.Hell, 13.Earth, 14.Hip, 15.Pot, 16.Multi-storied
building, 17.Evening, 18.Noon, 19.Cloud, 20.Anthil, 21.Thigh, 22.Servant,
23.Travel, 24.Wheel, 25.Stool, 26.Lord Indra's weapon, 27.Gate Tower, 28.Rampart,
29.Vehicle, 30.Peaceful, 31.Crooked, 32.Door, 33.Pillow, 34.Trench (ditch),
35.Leg, 36.Bolt
Single
hand symbols:
1.Day, 2.Movement, 3.Tongue,
4.Forehead, 5.Body, 6.That thing, 7.Noise, 8.Messenger, 9.Sandbank, 10.Sprout,
2. Mudraakhyam:
There are 13 double hand
symbols and 12 single hand symbols using this Mudra.Totally 25.
Double
hand symbols:
1.Growth, 2.Movement, 3.Heaven,
4.Ocean, 5.Thick, 6.Forgetting, 7.Everything, 8.Announcement, 9.Thing,
10.Death, 11.Meditation, 12.Sacred Thread, 13.Straight
Single
hand symbols:
1.Mind, 2.Thought, 3.Desire,
4.By oneself, 5.Remainding, 6.Wisdom, 7.Creation, 8.Life, 9.Defame, 10.Future,
11.No, 12.Fourth
3. Katakam (Golden Bangle):
There are 20 double hand
symbols and 9 single hand symbols using this Mudra.Totally 29.
Single
hand symbols:
1.Flower, 2.Mirror, 3.Female,
4.Offering holy materials to the sacrificial fire while chanting 'manthras',
5.Sweating, 6.A little, 7.Quiver, 8.Smell, 9.Which one
Double
hand symbols:
1.Vishnu (God), 2.Krishna
(God), 3.Balaraman
4.Arrow, 5.Gold, 6.Silver,
7.A female demon, 8.Sleep, 9.Main woman, 10.Godess of wealth, 11.Veena,
12.Stars, 13.Chain, 14.Lotus/ water, 15.Demon, 16.Crown, 17.Weapon, 18.Peculiarity/
special news, 19.Chariot, 20.With
4. Mushti:
There are 25 double hand
symbols and 15 single hand symbols using this Mudra.Totally 40.
Double
hand symbols:
1.Driver of chariot, 2.Prefix,
3.Beauty, 4.Purity, 5.pirit of Ghost, 6.Binding, 7.Qualification, 8.Condition,
9.Ankle, 10.Pulling, 11.Tail of the animal (a whisk), 12.Destroyer/ Yama,
the god of death, 13.Mud, 14.Medicine, 15.Curse, 16.Swing, 17.Gift/ donation,
18.Circumambulation, 19.Digging, 20.Giving up, 21.Lance, 22.Heroism, 23.Hot
(Sunor fire)/ grieve, 24.Vomiting, 25.Delivery/ child birth,
Single
hand symbols:
1.In vain, 2.Extreamely,
3.Filupon, 4.King's advisor, 5.Crossing, 6.Bearing, 7.Donation, 8.Consent,
9.Victory, 10.Bow, 11.we, 12.Single sentence, 13.agedness, 14.Robbing,
15.Food
5. Kartharee Mukham (Scissor's
sharp point):
There are 16 double hand
symbols and 10 single hand symbols using this Mudra.Totally 26.
Double
hand symbols:
1.Sin, 2.Tireness, 3.Male
member of Brahmin caste, 4.Fame, 5.Skull, 6.House, 7.A religious vow, 8.Purity,
9.Bank, 10.Dynasty, Bamboo, 11.Hunger, 12.Hearing, 13.Telling, 14.Gathering,
15.End, 16.Hunting
Single
hand symbols:
1.You, 2.Word, 3.Change
of mood/ time, 4.Gradation, 5.We, 6.Human being, 7.Face, 8.Enmity, 9.Child,
10.Mongoose
6. Sukathundam (Parrot's peek):
Double
hand symbols:
1.Goad, 2.Bird, 3.Engagement
7. Kapidhakam (The fruit of a
tree):
There
are 10 double hand symbols:
1.Net, 2.Doubt, 3.Tail feather
of a peacock, 4.Drinking, 5.Touching, 6.Prevent, 7.In the open expanse
of land, 8.The outer side, 9.Descend, 10.To step
8. HamsaPaksham (Swan's wing):
42
single hand symbols and 11 double hand symbols can be shown using this
Mudra.
1.Moon, 2.Air, 3.Kamadeva,
4.Gods, 5.Mountain, 6.Valley, 7.Everyday, 8.Relatives, 9.Bedding, 10.Rock,
11.Happiness and comfort, 12.Chest, 13.Female breast, 14.Cloth, 15.Vehicle,
16.Lie, 17.Lying down, 18.Falling, 19.Croud, 20.Beating, 21.Covering, 22.Spreading,
23.Found, 24.Coming, 25.Salutation, 26.Game, 27.Sandal, 28.Embrace, 29.Follow,
30.Escaping, 31.Reach, 32.Mace, 33.The cheek region, 34.Shoulder, 35.Hair,
36.Humility, 37.Blessing, 38.Sint, 39.Thus, 40.Fish, 41.Worship, 42.Tortoise
Double
hand symbols:
1.You, 2.Sword, 3.Anger,
4.Now, 5.I, 6.In front of, 7.Axe, 8.Light, 9.Calling, 10. Getting nearness 11.Prevent
9. Sikharam (Peak):
8
single hand symbols:
1.Walking, 2.Legs, 3.Eyes,
4.Sight, 5.Path, 6.Search/ detection, 7.Ears, 8.Drinking
Duble hand symbols using
this Mudra are Garudan (a hawk in Purana), Swan and Jatayu.
10. Hamsaasyam (Swan's peek):
This
Mudra can show 8 double hand symbols:
1.Iris, 2.Smoothness, 3.Dust,
4.Whiteness, 5.Blue colour, 6.Red, 7.Mercy, 8.Hairs of the body
4
single hand symbols:
1.Beginning of the rainy
season, 2.Hair of the head, 3.The line of hair on the abdomen, 4.The three
folds of skin above the naval of a woman
11.Anjaly (Folded hands in Salutation):
15
Double hand symbols:
1.Excessive rain, 2.Vomiting,
3.Fire, 3.Horse, 4.Loud noise, 6.Light, 7.Hair, 8.Ear-ring, 9.Heat or sorrow,
10.Anxiety, 11.Always, 12.Blood, 14.River, 15.Flowing
2
single hand symbols:
1.Twigs of the tree, 2.Anger
Totally 17 symbols using
this Mudra.
12.Ardhachandram (Half moon):
There are 9 double hand
symbols and 4 single hand symbols using this Mudra.
Double
hand symbols:
1.If, 2.For what, 3.Helplesness,
4.Sky, 5.Blessed man, 6.God, 7.Memory, 8.Grass, 9.Hair of a man
Single
hand symbols:
1.Starting, 2.Smiling, 3.What
(This can be done with single and double hands), 4.Contempt
13. Mukuram (Mirror):
There are 11 double hand
symbols and 9 single hand symbols using this Mudra.Totally 20.
Double
hand symbols:
1.Tusk, 2.Seperation, 3.Forlimb,
4.Waist, 5.Vedam, 6.Brother, 7.Pillar, 8.Mortar, 9.Speedy, 10.Devil, 11.Growth
9
single hand symbols:
1.Dissenting person, 2.Beetle,
3.Ray, 4.Anger, 5.Excellent, 6.Bangle, 7.Neck, 8.Armlet, 9.Negative
14. Bhramaram (Beetle):
5
Double hand symbols:
1.Wing of a bird, 2.Song,
3.Water, 4.Umberlla, 5.Ear of the elephant
4
Single hand symbols:
1.Demi-god (Gandharva),
2.Birth, 3.Fear, 4.Weeping
15. Soochimukham (Needle's sharp
point):
10
Double hand symbols:
1.Broken, 2.Jumping up,
3.Universe, 4.Lakshmana, 5.Fall, 6.The other thing, 7.Month, 8.Eyebrow,
9.Loose, 10.Tail
16
Single hand symbols:
1.One person, 2.What a pity!,
3.Dull, 4.Another, 5.Plural, 6.Ear, 7.A digi of the moon, 8.In olden times,
9.This man, 10.These people, 11.Kingdom, 12.A little, 13.Witness, 14.Give
up
16. Pallavam (Sprout):
9
Double hand symbols:
1.The weapon of Lord Indra,
2.Mountain peak, 3.Ears of cow, 4.Length of the eye, 5.Male buffalo, 6.Pestle
made of iron, 7.Spear, 8.Horn, 9.Circling
6
Single hand symbols:
1.Distance, 2.Pledge, 3.Fume,
4.Tail, 5.Cane, 6.Grain
17. Thripathaaka (Flag with three
colours):
6
Double hand symbols:
1.Sunset, 2.Commencement,
3.'Hey', 4.Drinking, 5.Body, 6.Begging
18. Mrigaseersham (Deer's head):
2
Double hand symbols:
1.Animals, 2.The supreme
being
19. Sarpasirassu (Serpant's head):
9
Double hand symbols:
1.Sandal, 2.Snake, 3.Slowness,
4.Worship of god using 8 substances, 5.Vomiting, 6.Saint, 7.Swinging of
elephant's ears, 8.Escaping, 9.Massage
Apart from these symbols,
this Mudra is used to show the symbols, Sprinkle, clapping hands, breaking
skull of the elephant, chertishing, giving water to god and message of
wrestlers.
20. Vardhamanakam (Seedling):
6
Double hand symbols:
1.Ear-ring of a female,
2.Diamond neklace, 3.Knee, 4.One who practices Yoga, meditation, 5.Drawn, 6.Man look aftering the elephant
3
Single hand symbols:
1.Whirlpool, 2.Navel, 3.Well
21. Araalam (Curved):
5
double hand symbols:
1.Fool, 2.Tree, 3.Wedge,
4.Bud, 5.Sprout
22. Oornanabham (Spider):
7
Double hand symbols:
1.Horse, 2.Fruit, 3.Tiger,
4.Butter, 5.Snow, 6.Plenty, 7.Lotus flower
23. Mukulam (Bud):
1.Fox, 2.Monkey, 3.Fading,
4.Forgetting
24. Katakaamukham:
6
double hand symbols:
1.Blouse, 2.Servant, 3.Hero,
4.Wrestler, 5.To shoot arrows, 6.Arrest
The symbol of 'addressing'
anybody is showed using the Mudra Hamsapaksham.
In "Mushti" when the small
finger is straightened gets "Baana" Mudra.Using this can show the symbols
like oppose, Stop!!, coming, future etc.
There are two types of
Mudras:
1. Samaana Mudras (Same
Mudras):- That is, the same Mudra is used to show two different symbols.
For example the Mudra "Karthareemukham" is used to show both the symbols
'Time' and 'Near'.
2. Misra Mudras (Mixed Mudras):
That is, some symbols are shown using two different Mudras in both hands.
There are 68 Mixed Mudras. For example to show the symbol 'Indra', the
Mudra "Sikharam" in one hand and the Mudra "Mushti" in the other
hand; for 'Sivan' the Mudras used are "Mrigaseersham" and "Hamsapaksham";
etc.